A study of pain
A study of pain
5 A phantom pain terms
Phantom pain is pain that feels like it's coming from a body part that's no longer there. Doctors once believed this post-amputation phenomenon was a psychological problem, but experts now recognize that these real sensations originate in the spinal cord and brain.
- Abstain
- intransitive verb
- to choose not to do or have something : to refrain deliberately and often with an effort of self-denial from an action or practice
- Example: Only one subject regularly took analgesia, and he abstained for 12 h prior to scanning to eliminate any medication effects on activation maps.
Reference: K. MacIver, D. M. Lloyd, S. Kelly, N. Roberts, and T. Nurmikko, “Phantom limb pain, cortical reorganization and the therapeutic effect of mental imagery,” Brain, vol. 131, no. Pt 8, pp. 2181–2191, 2008.
- en: воздерживаться

- Analgesia
- noun
- the inability to feel pain.
- Example: The prevention of phantom-limb pain by peripheral analgesia has not yielded consistent results.
Reference: H. Flor, “Phantom-limb pain: characteristics, causes, and treatment,” Lancet Neurol., vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 182–189, 2002.
- en: обезболивание, анальгезия

- Eversion
- noun
- the act of turning inside out : the state of being turned inside out
- Example: The exercises were described as flexion/extension, inversion/eversion of the foot, foot rotation around the ankle, adduction with flexion of the toes like clenching, and abduction (spreading) with extension of the toes like unclenching.
Reference: B. Anaforoğlu Külünkoğlu, F. Erbahçeci, and A. Alkan, “A comparison of the effects of mirror therapy and phantom exercises on phantom limb pain,” Turk. J. Med. Sci., vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 101–109, 2019.
- en: выворот

- Salvage
- noun/verb
- rescue
- Example: Limb salvage is a major component of podiatry with the goal to preserve the function and length of the lower extremity while treating possible co-morbidities and infection.
Reference: A. Kaur and Y. Guan, “Phantom limb pain: A literature review,” Chin. J. Traumatol., vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 366–368, 2018.
- en: спасение/спасать/собирать трофеи

- Transcutaneous
- adjective
- existing, applied, or measured across the depth of the skin.
- Example: Non-invasive neuromodulation includes interventions like transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation.
Reference: I. Urits et al., “Treatment strategies and effective management of phantom limb-associated pain,” Curr. Pain Headache Rep., vol. 23, no. 9, p. 64, 2019.
- en: чрескожный
